Stone modifications and processing

Stone treatments and processing – how to recognize natural, synthetic, and treated minerals

In today’s jewelry and mineral market, you will encounter not only natural stones, but also their treated, synthetic, or imitation variants.

For the customer, it is important to know what they are buying – and that is exactly what increases both trust and the value of your e-shop.

OPALITE – synthetic “moon” stone

https://images.openai.com/static-rsc-4/GZCRT2Yt0GmMltQXo7SsTXoDbHAnOkQpHMorXsnt0ZXblRP47BqeBnCWGPGlqxgKyDLsGIZmSUkMWYDLXQY5IObzCpA-P8lfi_dRGu0cz4cq_9xgXCpuZUKgAVxn68YAi5_SekyDD8Usq8LbkQ9y6lhMpd3grgqe_CGLuYXGW_isMiNvy6t75HGuxGzg9KID?purpose=fullsizehttps://images.openai.com/static-rsc-4/QMJzgPwJOIWdbgIFX2NLIvOy4S5HMZl0vyZdte6WFurJA3Dc7ka18l6EAOD1vxAhtpjGK9GAAFZuzvyaT6EUukMG4hyNlfUfhkmp7yyGqONpwV1rEdSMYWSg9g0vowCx9he5SnY2s93TyDcPeEMBJ7MBWU5wJTMwxe27emX2UJur9VTg3N4FG8U9KSZKR5BP?purpose=fullsize

Opalite is artificially created opalescent glass, often mistaken for opal or moonstone.

  • milky translucent with blue to orange iridescence
  • made from glass with additives (e.g. titanium dioxide)
  • historically originated in Venice

Note: it is not a natural mineral, but a popular design alternative.

GOLDSTONE (GOLDEN AVENTURINE)

https://images.openai.com/static-rsc-4/B5u5ocWcl-lbPBO-dF8Ro0v1-L5t1Xwm530i9EtYclWfpxEDuHKiIyILV_flf0xqUErLgyuoBc83CRj7xvlLBAotSbpkJuwMlebV9QRKr12yc6SEENJV3ZW4acESp6Ot5lUl2jMJJOC1qw8XxyJEZGwAqr2WZFZdpSQ3MRP5bm7s5Q_gs9jkbxvmF2Volxs0?purpose=fullsizehttps://images.openai.com/static-rsc-4/A1mfvtw-iQAmEqxaFgdDlx0U6UxKhuMwkfqlita0kOfyIasCGTx1kAcIaDPQGRwtwjb5N5JOHfR56RqHiruJjHV3JxbnudvCzWFQvbNeCPejaIf2ale2TJWHua0MsYSJUqOUVhGenp5qU9AjBmsTXDir3N2NfFKLkaCFW76jIkCWiswItxfr15qERSOKBu79?purpose=fullsizehttps://images.openai.com/static-rsc-4/5Mi8JgNzIhijWtoalzjtuKygIm5O6mVh6lziUgjV6aCyX-lNZiB7lghTxXJt7O5z3ffP9fhR8UqprFSDpQcEag2VI5TGBmzVq7Eg1Xn2sASU0NmXIA3oHmPZFgzjFvWm9c8YvIKB_hwnIq6yL2Ug9ZDLJ9Q-in3tttGRHeeTNpHxp7KIvs5TiqRnA0m6G27p?purpose=fullsize
 

Goldstone is artificially made glass with metal particles.

  • contains fine copper particles
  • creates a “starry sky” effect
  • colors: orange (gold), blue, black

originated in Italy (Venice) and looks very luxurious, even though it is not a natural stone.

MALACHITE – how to recognize a genuine one?

https://images.openai.com/static-rsc-4/-lbHi4ZFt5PRnIfS5DBbPsscaXd_DNXv7_Tcg_p_zSay2nNeC-l4qqJwuQXdnv4Jnp0xFF0dfCKkoxb58UzqQmg5bb6kYHHoyvwkiHr69AUvhEzY1gEbU18VOpXYBHwkFDzm3mgXTJr0KiHHu4GI8wHGAhA2YbwSPBNTCfi8Cyrabx8dtPSjcXNPkOjTxSas?purpose=fullsizehttps://images.openai.com/static-rsc-4/H1LbWN4FcC7MOOHdsNxdS_6eu5bwQgiXKpPJ75L2Qa7VUo1QD-FDH8B0pGFBPXme7P5K44e3o3ZQO39TBah5pUbIWcdkRWrCreq0RxuiGCBsvSN_T85V6KDuR9tfJhuymySNPv3kASWWhP8zLavBqXFwp4PG9D23TcRKbycE5kY_Wp5sb_BFt0EFsabsp4t3?purpose=fullsizehttps://images.openai.com/static-rsc-4/1ph3pe_oeudNHSkP71fy3UOo4CQ7SgI8Iwg12p0FfwTzPepsiVTH3sbilJ15ncAyC9kD1LLFsD7SoR-o6vqBj7NuD3nXfCQclRev7HDzhtOvT5Pe5OjBL3NpHz8PrvvD4okFy4-5_Uy0It2Fs-heS7Yyyko3ZtVsWQExVZ6TPO_OG_5XTJk9jdMSL7yZ9Gij?purpose=fullsize
 
 

Right malachite:

  • heavier, cool to the touch
  • irregular stripes and circles
  • the natural pattern is never the same

Fake malachite:

  • regular “painted” patterns
  • often lighter (a mixture of resin and powder)

TURQUOISE & CHRYSOCOLLA – most common

counterfeits
https://images.openai.com/static-rsc-4/2xBejB1xeIYMKeRiIJKNyq5R75M8wrzta1Xdh-yTnZbHhEdDRaFn9_0_XM_VQM1YWyQVNtG-ytOd9ZvV1byh5iOq_F5g6e0DifZT4zuVQVcYj5upoTd_rlVniNJRubal2HfGrbDdvDOnfcJb4aJyQ0X-uykk7Vd_f8HScn4IqVEPcpBk-mbBwm5zil3iik2H?purpose=fullsizehttps://images.openai.com/static-rsc-4/oOjSCBploHtOQGbSizR6B5g2R29NRbBw2502Qo5e_erEeMscAFrSyCO-3R7HOQZJ2mgw6ieDWB_NQoXK7LEJdYh1jjrT0d0CPrv9qqx7xNb2zTeChCYJDNH5gpye4aRMa4-9aqsl_BPpvJamjUrZtrRUXKCUS-3d3JdwkzglCsM2912A-CX83m1nAnpF4fmT?purpose=fullsizehttps://images.openai.com/static-rsc-4/fxQ9pNgbJUw7el8NOQHiGjFa5dTUvsYCNk3avI9x4YVvsGtYUqVTn1dnkYaNi_fdRsahZoVZxfSbWhyIVRpSnseCT0mMCg5QioX_YtmO5mnpBi9FQhhp5MkgDX554pzLyz5at68PPHoJtjvzVzzz8jf7HLiGlS1HtdkAMs2SAK7pxL1O9FPagg3UEibDDyeb?purpose=fullsize
 
  • real stones are rare and expensive
  • they are often replaced with dyed howlite
  • pressed or glued variants also exist

“African turquoise” = in in fact jasper, not true turquoise.

JASPER – beware of “imperial”

  • so-called. Imperial jasper is often only a dyed or synthetic stone
  • it is sold in unnaturally bright colors

natural jasper always has more muted, earthy tones.

LAPIS LAZULI – simple tests

https://images.openai.com/static-rsc-4/G3-97v8wU-6PPdNdYt1bP1z4Z3TSlHB0yNeJS2IcKCVSOoh62IwFutR0KIIKH3oodFDD9DAJo8Jw4DfufgKEMfeQ72Mqwhc7uJsXmDr7lz-fBQl0vOYAZ8vFlNvdtQ8maTH8GUsGPmWM6NP-gq2YsBWKd9QDWuIlgTmmOX-lnGVbzI8Sz3Vesvv8YK8ffH5R?purpose=fullsizehttps://images.openai.com/static-rsc-4/tx5SJbekRUsTIF_ckj6p14PBuEixuXy1Zum_YTZtaZJl8uesx1HVkYDXjorf0lUCH3a8tcQM8vrGZY9h-IkwLT8JmHyPaDXOAKxNChXO0jehta7EoREokUvkbnVc9AM1UxgTZ9RGDggQe8g14ScsN8DxaU6pY_v5to3c9WZAsOm0gULBHsGaBc859rpTCM6v?purpose=fullsizehttps://images.openai.com/static-rsc-4/I1qEFY0_oq9zijE-tmDUHzPwSHRViA1nSGEOXQLmTohJNhoqqB048oX5TIPiN-zgsWbUxiyh3tfcjcp5bptuEUF4oN0a_Wrpvib-bdYCdqGD7y05AwS8571XuXPM2wCfgf6ErnjyvZlTA7fkb9ALOMwZR2-nUJHO64ZTZAjAM7Jt_gM5Yj9561oxC41f_CBu?purpose=fullsize
 

Right lapis:

  • contains golden specks (pyrite)
  • may have white veins
  • the color is naturally uneven

Fake:

  • the color may rub off (e.g. acetone)
  • the pattern is too regular

WATERMELON TOURMALINE – rarity

  • it really exists (a two-colored crystal)
  • very rare → beads are suspicious

cheap “watermelon tourmalines” are usually:

  • colored quartz
  • glass (e.g. Cherry quartz)

TIGER'S EYE – treatments colors

https://images.openai.com/static-rsc-4/rAoK47bCi965iGDpYcWVrYxNg_CNkM6yzmJIUL6JvdOYB3bUC0m4XcSCbXLOo2r1EyWEzzZBJTYs1B643ierlgeKPvUsqGJ5eaclzIcdX1zrKWbkk-qraGSXfLzmbbGXVlEdJNGHOKwuziPgXEnsuQrY7omTrJATLxJ5l3i8u-hSJi8pvISK5vNQVfD0XDO9?purpose=fullsizehttps://images.openai.com/static-rsc-4/YRZeKrNmNC8aJ7j2wBhv_wi6WYe0TmTVjQBG26B-X5w54NPJJyyNXKrqbG_idEJm1N-7PqzTGx42PiR2EUUADtOLgiw6YhOVV7q1-EFe_k7ckstFp7HlmfmJwsIs2_ulm7eho6ycRcRlGtsU9kbdqDGbLP18jjZKcIcCQBjo2il_HL3WR4QZ4ZyCJnzHw7HO?purpose=fullsizehttps://images.openai.com/static-rsc-4/l70mLd76NA6_O0eROxd1nLlBmkZoRcxIzOOm-aJULT-yzy7TqYyLmie0P_R6HHAdT9vCwsJsOfYFpJwLotgPv8G1tLL7MiNeYMeBsLqWHPwdU3cBLKy0Htenqa1XrfJk2EW2sVnlGufoA8pjbq78or0WLinRZasuzyd-Q53d_H5-8c6Z70Wv29wVvD1fVr3Y?purpose=fullsize
 
  • natural: golden, brown
  • blue (hawk's eye) – natural variant
  • red = often heated (heat-treated)
  • other colors = mostly color-enhanced

AGATE – dyed variants

  • commonly color-enhanced
  • natural colors tend to be subtle

extremely vivid colors = likely treated.

PRESSED MINERALS

  • are made from ground natural stones + binder
  • preserve the original material, but:
    • have lower quality and energy
    • tend to be lighter

suitable as a more affordable alternative.

Summary for customers

  • natural stone = unique, irregular
  • synthetic = beautiful, but artificially created
  • treated = natural base + human intervention
Best-selling
Tiger's eye mobile phone pendant, natural stone bead 6 mm / 26.5 cm, stone of the sun and earth, brings luck and wealth
EK Múza –  Tygří oko / Býčí oko / Tiger s eye
Tiger's eye mobile phone pendant, natural stone bead 6 mm / 26.5 cm, stone of the sun and earth, brings luck and wealth
Code: 2303185
 
 
 
13.21 EUR
In stock
heartFavoritecompareCompare
This stone will bring harmony and balance into your life.
Tiger's Eye Donut natural stone 30 mm, stone of the sun and earth, stone of the sun and earth, brings luck and wealth
EK Múza –  Tygří oko / Býčí oko / Tiger s eye
Tiger's Eye Donut natural stone 30 mm, stone of the sun and earth, stone of the sun and earth, brings luck and wealth
Code: 2300135
Code sup.: 00152358
EAN: 2000000013145
 
8.14 EUR
In stock
heartFavoritecompareCompare
This stone connects your higher self and its understanding.
Lazurite (Lapis lazuli) Worry stone, healing gemstone in the shape of a heart, natural stone 3 cm, 1 piece, stone of harmony
EK Múza –  Lapis Lazuli / Lazurit
Lazurite (Lapis lazuli) Worry stone, healing gemstone in the shape of a heart, natural stone 3 cm, 1 piece, stone of harmony
Code: 2201397
 
EAN: 2000000008424
 
5.60 EUR
In stock
heartFavoritecompareCompare
Are you looking for peace in a hectic life? Lapis lazuli will help you slow down and take a breath.
Tiger's Eye Tumbled Natural Stone 220 - 280 g, 1 piece, stone of the sun and earth, brings luck and wealth
EK Múza –  Tygří oko / Býčí oko / Tiger s eye
Tiger's Eye Tumbled Natural Stone 220 - 280 g, 1 piece, stone of the sun and earth, brings luck and wealth
Code: 2203284
 
EAN: 2000000876665
 
8.25 EUR
In stock
heartFavoritecompareCompare
This stone will give you the energy needed to realize your life vision.
Turquoise bracelet 4 mm elastic – natural stone of luck and protection while traveling, 16–17 cm
EK Múza –  Tyrkys / Turquoise
Turquoise bracelet 4 mm elastic – natural stone of luck and protection while traveling, 16–17 cm
Code: 2209849
Code sup.: 00212014
 
 
30.90 EUR
In stock
heartFavoritecompareCompare
Master healer: This stone is a powerful protective talisman that helps protect against negative energies and supports inner peace. It is great for improving communication and providing support in difficult times.
filter
Filtering according to parameters
Sort products byi
Sort by
Products
 
In stock
Price
Price
Tiger's Eye Tumbled Natural Stone 280 - 340 g, 1 piece, stone of the sun and earth, brings luck and wealth
EK Múza –  Tygří oko / Býčí oko / Tiger s eye
Tiger's Eye Tumbled Natural Stone 280 - 340 g, 1 piece, stone of the sun and earth, brings luck and wealth
Code: 2203285
 
EAN: 2000000013428
 
9.76 EUR
In stock
heartFavoritecompareCompare
This stone strengthens your intuition and decision-making ability.
Lapis Lazuli (Lapis lazuli) tumbled pendant natural stone, S approx. 2.5 cm, 1 piece, stone of harmony
EK Múza –  Lapis Lazuli / Lazurit
Lapis Lazuli (Lapis lazuli) tumbled pendant natural stone, S approx. 2.5 cm, 1 piece, stone of harmony
Code: 2207610
Code sup.: 00195225
EAN: 2000000877228
 
6.20 EUR
In stock
heartFavoritecompareCompare
Do you feel tension and anxiety? Lapis lazuli brings calm and relaxation.
Opalite Guardian Angel pendant, synthetic stone, hand-cut 2 - 2.2 cm, stone of wishes and hope
EK Múza –  Opalit / Opalite
Opalite Guardian Angel pendant, synthetic stone, hand-cut 2 - 2.2 cm, stone of wishes and hope
Code: 2210394
 
EAN: 2000000008233
 
5.60 EUR
In stock
heartFavoritecompareCompare
Facilitates communication in tense situations.
Goldstone gold Heart pendant 20 mm, stone of ambition
EK Múza –  Goldstone
Goldstone gold Heart pendant 20 mm, stone of ambition
Code: 2300151
Code sup.: 00183512
EAN: 2000000880105
 
4.79 EUR
In stock
heartFavoritecompareCompare
A stone of energy that recharges both body and mind. Goldstone brings vitality.
Tiger's eye elastic bracelet made of natural stone, 6 mm bead / 16 - 17 cm, stone of the sun and earth, brings luck and wealth
EK Múza –  Tygří oko / Býčí oko / Tiger s eye
Tiger's eye elastic bracelet made of natural stone, 6 mm bead / 16 - 17 cm, stone of the sun and earth, brings luck and wealth
Code: 2300575
 
 
 
18.32 EUR
In stock
heartFavoritecompareCompare
It is an ideal talisman for anyone who needs to increase their energy.
Goldstone golden Guardian Angel pendant 3.5 x 2.5 mm, stone of ambition
EK Múza –  Goldstone
Goldstone golden Guardian Angel pendant 3.5 x 2.5 mm, stone of ambition
Code: 2301019
 
EAN: 2000000009445
 
5.07 EUR
In stock
heartFavoritecompareCompare
Goldstone supports ambition and perseverance. Helps you pursue your dreams without doubts.
Opal Frog for Luck pendant, synthetic stone approx. 20 x 15 mm, stone of wishes and hope
EK Múza –  Opalit / Opalite
Opal Frog for Luck pendant, synthetic stone approx. 20 x 15 mm, stone of wishes and hope
Code: 2303129
 
 
 
6.27 EUR
In stock
heartFavoritecompareCompare
Helps relieve inner tension and mental fatigue.
Malachite elastic bracelet, natural stone, 8 mm bead / 16 - 17 cm, stone of fulfilled wishes
EK Múza –  Malachit / Malachite
Malachite elastic bracelet, natural stone, 8 mm bead / 16 - 17 cm, stone of fulfilled wishes
Code: 2202193
Code sup.: 00106139
 
 
48.28 EUR
In stock
heartFavoritecompareCompare
Do you want to attract new opportunities? Malachite opens doors where they were closed.
Tiger's eye cross made of alloy and natural stone 5.3 x 3.7 x 12 mm, stone of the sun and earth, brings luck and wealth
EK Múza –  Tygří oko / Býčí oko / Tiger s eye
Tiger's eye cross made of alloy and natural stone 5.3 x 3.7 x 12 mm, stone of the sun and earth, brings luck and wealth
Code: 2405384
 
EAN: 2000000879192
 
10.18 EUR
In stock
heartFavoritecompareCompare
This stone strengthens your self-confidence and self-esteem.
Red Jasper Elephant pendant natural stone, hand-carved figurine 32 x 45 mm, stone of complete care
EK Múza –  Jaspis / Jasper
Red Jasper Elephant pendant natural stone, hand-carved figurine 32 x 45 mm, stone of complete care
Code: 2407297
 
 
 
11.95 EUR
In stock
heartFavoritecompareCompare
Do you feel like you're constantly tense? Jasper will help you release it.
Lapis Lazuli bracelet, braided, natural stone, size 10 x 10 x 5 mm / 18.5 cm, adjustable fastening, stone of harmony
EK Múza –  Lapis Lazuli / Lazurit
Lapis Lazuli bracelet, braided, natural stone, size 10 x 10 x 5 mm / 18.5 cm, adjustable fastening, stone of harmony
Code: 2501071
 
EAN: 2000000874968
 
21.81 EUR
In stock
heartFavoritecompareCompare
Do you feel like you can't say "no"? Lapis lazuli gives you the courage to stand up for yourself.
Watermelon Tourmaline matte elastic bracelet, natural stone, 6 mm bead / 16 - 17 cm, guardian of good mood
EK Múza –  Turmalín / Tourmaline
Watermelon Tourmaline matte elastic bracelet, natural stone, 6 mm bead / 16 - 17 cm, guardian of good mood
Code: 2401519
 
 
 
16.39 EUR
In stock
heartFavoritecompareCompare
A great talisman for supporting self-confidence and ensuring inner balance, which will strengthen you and protect you from energetic blocks.
Jasper / Imperial Regal Sea Sediment pink elastic bracelet mixed mineral, 8 mm bead / 16 - 17 cm
EK Múza –  Jaspis / Jasper
Jasper / Imperial Regal Sea Sediment pink elastic bracelet mixed mineral, 8 mm bead / 16 - 17 cm
Code: 2203803
 
 
 
18.64 EUR
In stock
heartFavoritecompareCompare
Do you feel chaos in your head? Jasper will help calm him down.
Lapis Lazuli elastic bracelet, natural stone, 10 mm bead / 16 - 17 cm, stone of harmony
EK Múza –  Lapis Lazuli / Lazurit
Lapis Lazuli elastic bracelet, natural stone, 10 mm bead / 16 - 17 cm, stone of harmony
Code: 2204021
Code sup.: 00105453
EAN: 2000000000251
 
40.95 EUR
In stock
heartFavoritecompareCompare
Are you looking for a stone for personal growth? Lapis lazuli will move you toward higher consciousness.
Blue Goldstone Aventurine Tumbled Pendant, M approx. 3 cm, 1 piece, stone of ambition
EK Múza –  Goldstone
Blue Goldstone Aventurine Tumbled Pendant, M approx. 3 cm, 1 piece, stone of ambition
Code: 2207598
Code sup.: 00202831
EAN: 2000000877167
 
3.49 EUR
In stock
heartFavoritecompareCompare
Goldstone brings light, joy, and energy. Helps overcome negative periods.
Lapis Lazuli (Lapis lazuli) Guardian Angel pendant natural stone 3.5 x 2.5 mm, stone of harmony
EK Múza –  Lapis Lazuli / Lazurit
Lapis Lazuli (Lapis lazuli) Guardian Angel pendant natural stone 3.5 x 2.5 mm, stone of harmony
Code: 2301016
 
EAN: 2000000881966
 
5.07 EUR
In stock
heartFavoritecompareCompare
Do you want to improve communication in relationships? Lapis lazuli brings honesty and understanding.
Malachite elastic bracelet, 8 mm bead / 16 - 17 cm, synthetic stone of fulfilled wishes
EK Múza –  Malachit / Malachite
Malachite elastic bracelet, 8 mm bead / 16 - 17 cm, synthetic stone of fulfilled wishes
Code: 2201445
 
 
 
8.42 EUR
In stock
heartFavoritecompareCompare
Do you feel emotional blocks from the past? Malachite helps release and transform them.
Goldstone golden pendulum natural stone 2.2 cm, stone of ambition
EK Múza –  Goldstone
Goldstone golden pendulum natural stone 2.2 cm, stone of ambition
Code: 2309571
 
 
 
5.25 EUR
In stock
heartFavoritecompareCompare
A stone that awakens ambition and courage. Goldstone helps you pursue your dreams.
Chrysocolla Apple of Knowledge pendant natural stone 1.5 cm, King Solomon's stone
EK Múza –  Chryzokol / Chrysocolla
Chrysocolla Apple of Knowledge pendant natural stone 1.5 cm, King Solomon's stone
Code: 2401063
 
EAN: 2000000005997
 
2.78 EUR
In stock
heartFavoritecompareCompare
The stone that heals a broken heart and removes sorrow. Chrysocolla brings love, peace, and inner balance.
Malachite Penis for luck, hand-polished pendant approx. 11 x 22 mm, the stone of fulfilled wishes
EK Múza –  Malachit / Malachite
Malachite Penis for luck, hand-polished pendant approx. 11 x 22 mm, the stone of fulfilled wishes
Code: 2401066
 
EAN: 2000000012304
 
12.93 EUR
In stock
heartFavoritecompareCompare
Do you want to get rid of the negative influences of your surroundings? Malachite acts as a powerful energetic filter.
Watermelon Tourmaline matte elastic bracelet, natural stone, 8 mm bead / 16 - 17 cm, guardian of good mood
EK Múza –  Turmalín / Tourmaline
Watermelon Tourmaline matte elastic bracelet, natural stone, 8 mm bead / 16 - 17 cm, guardian of good mood
Code: 2401518
 
EAN: 2000000877952
 
18.50 EUR
In stock
heartFavoritecompareCompare
A stone of joy and self-expression that harmonizes body and mind, improves relationships, and brings positive vibrations into life.
Opalite white elastic chip bracelet, synthetic stone, 19 cm, stone of wishes and hope
EK Múza –  Opalit / Opalite
Opalite white elastic chip bracelet, synthetic stone, 19 cm, stone of wishes and hope
Code: 2402180
Code sup.: 00196185
 
 
3.14 EUR
In stock
heartFavoritecompareCompare
It helps you see new opportunities where you previously did not see them.
AKCE
Lava and Lapis Lazuli – bracelet made of natural stones 18.5 cm | Wisdom, calm, courage and inner strength
EK Múza –  Lapis Lazuli / Lazurit
Lava and Lapis Lazuli – bracelet made of natural stones 18.5 cm | Wisdom, calm, courage and inner strength
Code: 2600411
 
 
 
3.49 EUR
In stock
heartFavoritecompareCompare
THE WISDOM TO DECIDE. THE STRENGTH TO GO YOUR OWN WAY. Deep blue lapis lazuli is traditionally a symbol of wisdom, intuition, truth, and a clear mind. Black volcanic lava symbolizes strength, stability, and the courage to start anew. A striking blue-black combination for anyone who wants to keep their life in their own hands.
Login
Don't have an account yet?Sign up.